Pub Med
National Institutes of Health
| Source:
Pub Med, NIH.gov - See individual links |
Neurotoxicity
Critical observations on the neurotoxicity of silver.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453933
"available
evidence
from experimental animal studies and human clinical
reports has failed to unequivocally establish that it enters tissues of
the central nervous system or is a cause of neurotoxic damage."- "Silver is
mostly excreted from the body in the urine and feces."
Bacterial resistance
Bacterial resistance to silver-based antibiotics.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375724
- "on the basis
of present knowledge, true bacterial resistance to silver is rare."
Safety
• Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16766878
- "Silver has a
long and intriguing history as an antibiotic in human health care."
- "It has been
developed for use in water purification, wound care, bone prostheses,
reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, cardiac devices, catheters and
surgical appliances."
- "Advancing
biotechnology has enabled incorporation of ionizable silver
into
fabrics for clinical use to reduce the risk of nosocomial infections
and for personal hygiene."
- "The
antimicrobial action of silver or silver compounds is proportional to
the bioactive silver
ion
(Ag(+))
released and its availability to
interact with bacterial or fungal cell membranes."
- "Silver
exhibits low toxicity in the human body, and minimal risk is expected
due to clinical exposure"
- "Chronic
ingestion or
inhalation of silver preparations (especially
colloidal silver) can lead to deposition of silver metal/silver
sulphide particles in the skin (argyria), eye (argyrosis) and other
organs. These are not
life-threatening conditions but cosmetically
undesirable."
• How safe is silver in wound care?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15114822
- "the risks of
lasting tissue damage or functional disorders are low."
Topical Silver
Topical silver for treating infected wounds.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19771293
- "the use of
silver foam dressings resulted in a greater reduction in
wound size and more effective control of leakage and odor than did use
of nonsilver dressings."
Antimicrobial properties
• Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16913750
- "silver
particles with a narrow size distribution with an average size
of 25 nm, ... showed high
antimicrobial and bactericidal activity
against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including highly
multiresistant strains such as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus."
- "Antibacterial
activity of silver nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the size
of silver particles."
- "A very low
concentration of silver (as low as 1.69 mug/mL Ag) gave antibacterial
performance."
• Antimicrobial properties of hydrated cellulose membranes with silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19192358
- "The cellulose
membrane with silver nanoparticles exhibited an
antimicrobial activity of more
than 99.99% against Escherichia coli and
Staphylococcus aureus, so that it could be used as an antimicrobial
wound-dressing material for chronic wounds and burns."
• The synthesis of chitosan-based silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19800053
- "Compared with
pure chitosan films, chitosan films with silver showed
both fast and long-lasting
antibacterial effectiveness against
Escherichia coli. The silver antibacterial materials prepared in our
present system are promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical
and general applications."
• Intracellular biogenic silver nanoparticles for the generation of carbon supported antiviral and sustained bactericidal agents.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19746940
- "silver
nanoparticles showed antimicrobial properties against both
bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and virus
(M 13
phage
virus). The bactericidal effects were noticed even after washing and
repeated exposure of these carbon supported silver
nanoparticles to
fresh bacterial cultures, revealing their sustained activity."
• Silver nanoparticle-E. coli colloidal interaction in water and effect on E. coli survival.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19726047
- "Silver
nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial properties via bacterial
inactivation and growth inhibition."
- "complete
inactivation were obtained with the silver nanoparticles while
the gold nanoparticles did not show any inactivation ability."
• Nanosilver--the burgeoning therapeutic molecule and its green synthesis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19686832
- "Nanosilver
has developed as a potent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and
anti-inflammatory agent."
- "The targeting
of cancer cells using silver nanoparticles has proven to be effective"
• Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19669753
- "the combined
results suggested that SNPs (silver
nanoparticles) may damage the structure of
bacterial cell membrane and depress the activity of some membranous
enzymes, which cause E. coli bacteria to die"
• The antibacterial activity of plasma sprayed silver-containing hydroxyapatite coatings
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649534
- "CONCLUSION:
The silver-containing HA coating has good inhibitory effect on
Streptococcus mutans."
• Bactericidal activity of Ag nanoparticle-impregnated fibreglass for water disinfection.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19590133
- "silver
nanoparticles completely disinfected 100 ml of ... E. coli"
• Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552418
- "silver
nanoparticles ... for vegetable and fruit preservation has been
demonstrated in this study."
- "These
extremely stable silver nanoparticles were characterized by means of
UV-vis spectrophotometer"
- "The silver
nanoparticle incorporated sodium alginate thin film shows good
antibacterial activity against test strains."
- "This film
increases the shelf life of carrot and pear"
• The benefits of silver in hygiene, personal care and healthcare.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19515146
- "Silver has
been used for centuries as an antimicrobial agent to reduce bioburden
and prevent infection."
• Silver nanoparticles in therapeutics: development of an antimicrobial gel formulation for topical use.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473014
- "Given its
broad spectrum activity, efficacy and lower costs, the search
for newer and superior silver based antimicrobial agents is necessary.
Among the various options available, silver nanoparticles have been the
focus of increasing interest and are being heralded as an excellent
candidate for therapeutic purposes."
- "SNP (silver nanoparticles)
also exhibited good antifungal activity"
- "SNP exhibited
good anti-inflammatory properties"
- "Even though
they (SNP) elicit an oxidative stress, cellular antioxidant
systems (reduced glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase)
get triggered and prevent oxidative damage."
- "SNP induce
apoptosis (programmed cell death) at concentrations up to 250
microg/mL, which could favor scarless wound healing."
- "Acute dermal
toxicity studies on SNP gel formulation (S-gel) in
Sprague-Dawley rats showed complete safety for topical application.
These results clearly indicate that silver nanoparticles could provide
a safer alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents in the form of
a topical antimicrobial formulation."
• Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19447203
- "The result
showed that the combination of antibiotics with AgNPs (silver nanoparticles)
have better antimicrobial effects."
• The antibacterial and antifungal activity of a soda-lime glass containing silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19417439
- "glass powder
containing silver nanoparticles has been studied. ... This powder
presents a high antibacterial (against gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria) as well as antifungal (against I. orientalis)
activity."
• Further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405063
- "The
production of pure silver in nanoparticle size has opened new
dimensions in the clinical use of this precious metal."
- "We and others
have demonstrated previously that silver nanoparticles (nAg) possess
efficient antimicrobial activity."
- "With the
advent of nanoscience, pure silver can now be made into nanometer-sized
particles."
- "Our in vitro
and in vivo experimental findings show that nAg are
effective at decreasing inflammation in peritoneal adhesions without
significant toxic effects."
- "This study
thus provides further evidence for and contributes to the understanding
of the anti-inflammatory properties of nAg"
• The anti-adherence activity and bactericidal effect of microparticulate silver additives in composite resin materials.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375069
- "silver
additives seem to demonstrate anti-adherence activity as well as a
bactericidal effect."
• Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by Phoma glomerata and its combined effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141039
- "bacteria
exhibiting resistance to various antibiotics showed remarkable
sensitivity, when used in combination of antibiotics and Ag-NPs (silver nanoparticles)."
- "Ag-NPs (silver nanoparticles)
may prove as a better candidate for drugs and can potentially
eliminate the problem of chemical agents because of their biogenic
nature."
- "The bacterial
resistance against antibiotics has been increasing with
alarming rate. To overcome this problem, there is a pressing need to
develop bactericidal agents. Ag-NPs may prove to be an answer to
drug-resistant bacteria."
• The Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Ion Impregnation into Endodontic Sealer against Streptococcus mutans.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088878
- "results show
that the silver ions enhance the antimicrobial activity of the root
canal sealer against Streptococcus mutans."
• Surface silver-doping of biocompatible glass to induce antibacterial properties. Part I: Massive glass.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987954
- "In vitro
tests results demonstrated that the modified glass maintains
the same biocompatibility of the untreated one and, moreover, it
acquires an antimicrobial action against tested bacteria."
• Clinical evaluation of a silver dressing in the treatment of infected and colonized ulcers
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444370
- "After 72
weeks of treatment, patients' ulcers were reduced by 80% in relative
value."
- "The [silver
dressing]
studied proved to be highly effective in the treatment of chronic
ulcers with critical colonization."
- "Regarding the
safety of this dressing, the authors did not observe any
adverse reaction to it, nor did they observe any toxicity associated
with the release of silver, in spite of having used this dressing over
12 weeks."
• The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18359055
- "electron
micrographs demonstrated that Ag NPs (silver
nanoparticles)
attached to the microbial cells, probably causing cell wall pitting."
- "The results
suggest that nitrifying bacteria are especially susceptible
to inhibition by Ag NPs, and the accumulation of Ag NPs could have
detrimental effects on the microorganisms in wastewater treatment."
• Antimicrobial effect of silver particles on bacterial contamination of activated carbon fibers.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18351101
- "results
showed that the silver-deposited ACF filters (activated carbon filters)
were effective for
the removal of bioaerosols by inhibition of the survival of
microorganisms, whereas pristine ACF filters were not."
- "Two bacteria,
Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, were completely inhibited
within 10 and 60 min, respectively."
• Study on the antimicrobial effect of silver-containing inner liners in refrigerators.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341560
- "A clear drop
in viable counts both on the refrigerator wall and on the
food was demonstrated using the silver-based antimicrobial material."
- "CONCLUSIONS:
Silver prevents refrigerators from being a hot spot for
contaminants that could be transferred upon contact with food."
- "This study
provides original results regarding the antimicrobial activity of
silver-containing refrigerator surfaces."
• Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245232
- "Reductions of
more than 5 log(10) CFU/ml of both S. aureus and E. coli
bacteria were confirmed after 90 min of treatment with the silver ion
solution."
- "Transmission
electron microscopy showed considerable changes in the
bacterial cell membranes upon silver ion treatment, which might be the
cause or consequence of cell death."
- "results of
the present study suggest that silver ions may cause S.
aureus and E. coli bacteria to reach an ABNC state and eventually die."
• Silver-nanoparticle-embedded antimicrobial paints based on vegetable oil.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204453
- "The surfaces
coated with silver-nanoparticle paint showed excellent
antimicrobial properties by killing both Gram-positive human pathogens
(Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
The process we have developed here is quite general and can be applied
in the synthesis of a variety of MNP-in-oil systems."
• Colloidal silver fabrication using the spark discharge system and its antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18069039
- "Nanoscale
techniques for silver production may assist the resurgence of
the medical use of silver, especially given that pathogens are showing
increasing resistance to antibiotics."
- "Traditional
chemical synthesis methods for colloidal silver (CS) may
lead to the presence of toxic chemical species or chemical residues,
which may inhibit the effectiveness of CS as an antibacterial agent. To
counter these problems a spark discharge system (SDS) was used to
fabricate a suspension of colloidal silver in deionized water with no
added chemical surfactants. SDS-CS contains both metallic silver
nanoparticles (Ag(0)) and ionic silver forms (Ag(+))."
- "results show
that CS solutions with an ionic silver concentration of 30 ppm or
higher are strong enough to destroy S. aureus."
- "it was found
that a solution's antimicrobial potency is directly related to its
level of silver ion concentration."
• Silver as a disinfectant.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17708071
- "Silver has
been used as an antimicrobial for thousands of years."
- "it has been
introduced into numerous new venues such as in the
treatment of water, in dietary supplements, in medical applications,
and to produce antimicrobial coatings and products."
- "Silver is
often used as an alternative disinfectant in applications in
which the use of traditional disinfectants such as chlorine may result
in the formation of toxic by-products or cause corrosion of surfaces."
• Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379174
- "results
suggest that Ag (silver)
nanoparticles can be used as effective growth
inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse
medical devices and antimicrobial control systems."
• Silver dressings: their role in wound management.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199764
- "Nanocrystalline
technology appears to give the highest, sustained release of silver to
a wound without clear risk of toxicity."
• Topical delivery of silver nanoparticles promotes wound healing.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075952
- "The recent
emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in
silver nanoparticles for use in burn wounds."
- "We
investigated the wound-healing properties of silver nanoparticles in
an animal model and found that rapid healing and improved cosmetic
appearance occur in a dose-dependent manner."
- "we showed
that silver nanoparticles exert positive effects through
their antimicrobial properties, reduction in wound inflammation, and
modulation of fibrogenic cytokines."
• Development and characterization of porous silver-incorporated hydroxyapatite ceramic for separation and elimination of microorganisms.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16941584
- "fabricated by
incorporating silver ions into porous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics"
- "demonstrated
excellent separating and antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli"
- "exhibited an
observable virus-eliminating
property"
• Antimicrobial activities of silver used as a polymerization catalyst for a wound-healing matrix.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16635526
- "used ionic
silver as the catalyst for gelation"
- "these gels
show bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity for a range of
Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, including aerobic as well as
anaerobic bacteria. This activity lasted for days"
- "Importantly
the gels did not limit either cell growth or viability"
• Proteomic analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16602699
- "Silver
nanoparticles (nano-Ag) are potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial
agents."
- "nano-Ag were
shown to destabilize the outer membrane, collapse the
plasma membrane potential and deplete the levels of intracellular ATP."
- "The mode of
action of nano-Ag was also found to be similar to that of
Ag(+) ions ... effective concentrations of nano-Ag and
Ag(+) ions were at nanomolar and micromolar levels"
- "Nano-Ag
appear to be an efficient physicochemical system conferring
antimicrobial silver activities."
• Antimicrobial effect of surgical masks coated with nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099072
- "This study
assessed the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles
(consisting of a mixture of silver nitrate and titanium dioxide) and
nanoparticle-coated facemasks to protect against infectious agents."
- "A 100%
reduction in viable E. coli and S. aureus was observed in the coated
mask materials after 48 h of incubation."
- "Skin
irritation was not observed in any of the volunteers who wore the
facemasks."
- "Nanoparticles
show promise when applied as a coating to the surface of
protective clothing in reducing the risk of transmission of infectious
agents."
• Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15853142
- "The silver
nanoparticles were found to exhibit antibacterial effects at low
concentrations."
- "The
antibacterial properties were related to the total surface area of
the nanoparticles. Smaller particles with a larger surface to volume
ratio provided a more efficient means for antibacterial activity."
- "The
nanoparticles were found to be completely cytotoxic to E. coli for
surface concentrations as low as 8 microg of Ag/cm2."
• Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15158396
- "These [silver
nano] particles were shown to be an effective bactericide."
- "Scanning and
transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were used to study the
biocidal action of this nanoscale material."
- "the silver
nanoparticles were found to accumulate in the bacterial
membrane. A membrane with such a morphology exhibits a significant
increase in permeability, resulting in death of the cell."
- "These
nontoxic nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and
cost-effective manner, may be suitable for the formulation of new types
of bactericidal materials."
• Comparison of the antibacterial activity on oral pathogens among six types of nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14966611
- "Nano-silver
base inorganic antibacterial agents had fine bactericidal activity
against oral pathogens. "
- "The general
antibacterial activity of six types (of nano-silver) were nearly equal."
- "CONCLUSION:
It is possible that nano-silver base inorganic antibacterial agents can
be used in dental antibacterial materials."
Want to See More Silver
Studies? You can find over 1400 studies on silver as antibacterials at the U.S. National Library of Medicine using Pub Med.
- Go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
- At top of page, choose <PubMed> from dropdown
menu to Search for silver antibacterial
And that's just bacteria. Also search for antiviral, antifungal, antimirobial, etc.
Safe 85% Ionic Colloidal Silver, 10 ppm*
Advanced Silver is available in dropper
bottles, spray bottles, and larger refill sizes. Safe used as directed. (EPA*)Advanced Silver is sold for internal use as a dietary supplement.
 FDA
  "Silver has been known for its antimicrobial properties for decades"
- FDA
Nov. 8, 2007
United Nations World Health Organization
 Silver is found in human diet ...
"up to 88 µg/day (Kehoe et al., 1940)." - U.N. World Health Org
Health Canada
Common foods contain silver: Wheat flour, bran, meat, ...  "several hundred
milligrams per kilogram, have been recorded in mushrooms"
- Health Canada
National Institutes of Health - Pub Med
"Nanosilver has developed as a potent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent. ... The targeting of cancer cells using silver nanoparticles has proven to be effective" - Pub Med, NIH.gov - Nov-Dec 2009 National Institutes of Health - Pub Med
"[silver colloid nanoparticles] showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity ... including highly multiresistant strains ... A very low concentration of silver (as low as 1.69 mug/mL Ag) gave antibacterial performance." - Pub Med, NIH.gov - August 2006 Government of British Columbia
"Silver is a disinfectant for non-spore forming bacteria at concentrations about 1000 times lower than the levels at which it is toxic to mammalian life. ...The ionic form of silver is necessary" - British Columbia Ministry of Environment Nursing Times
"Silver Treated Products Reduce Levels of Hospital Bacterial Contamination" - NursingTimes.net Journal of Infection Prevention
"A mean reduction in bacterial counts of 95.8% was demonstrated" - Journal of Infection Prevention |
| * These statements have not been evaluted by the Food & Drug Administration. Advanced Silver Company products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. |
